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Objective:To investigate the effects of Purendan Superfine Powder (PRD) on the retinal hemodynamics and the expressions of cytokines in the diabetic rats, and to elucidate its protective effect on diabetic retinopathy (DR) .Methods:Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, diabetes group, and PRD group (n=12) .The diabetes rat models were established by intraperitoneal injecting streptozotocin (STZ) in diabetes group and PRD group.After successful modeling, the diabetic rats in PRD group were given PRD (1.8g·kg-1) by gavage for 3months.The hemodynamics parameters of central retinal artery (CRA) of the rats were measured with color Doppler ultrasound.The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA in retina tissue were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) .Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting methods were used to detect the expression levels of VEGF and bFGF proteins in retina tissue of the rats.Results:Compared with control group, the blood glucose, urine volume, liver index and kidney index of the rats in diabetes group were significantly increased (P＜0.05) , the peak systolic velocity (PSV) , end diastolic velocity (EDV) and mean velocity (MV) of CRA were significantly decreased (P＜0.05) , the resistant index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of CRA were significantly increased (P＜0.05) , and the expression levels of VEGF and bFGF mRNA and protein in retina tissue were significantly increased (P＜0.05) .Compared with diabetes group, the blood glucose, urine volume, liver index and kidney index of the rats in PRD group were significantly decreased (P＜0.05) , the PSV, EDV and MV of CRA were increased (P＜0.05) , the RI and PI of CRA were decreased (P＜0.05) , the expression levels of VEGF and bFGF mRNA and protein in retina tissue were significantly reduced (P＜0.05) .Conclusion:PRD can protect the diabetic retinal microvascular injury by reducing the blood glucose level, increasing the blood supply of retinal tissue, increasing the amount of microcirculation blood perfusion, reducing the vascular bed perfusion resistance, and reducing the expression of VEGF and bFGF.
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Objective:To establish rat diabetes and eye disease models by injection of STZ and explore the therapeutic effect of panaxnotoginseng polysaccharides (PNP) on the diabetes and eye diseases of the model rats,and to clarify their mechanisms.Methods:Seventy SD male rats were randomly divided into blank control (n=10) and model groups (n=60), and the rats in model group were fed with high fat diet. 2 weeks later, the rats in model group were intraperitoneally injected with 35 mg·kg-1 STZ to establish the models.And 3 d later, the rats were treated with fasting and water deprivation for 12 h,the fasting blood glucose (FBG)was tested, and the models were assessed to be successful as the FBG>11.1 mmol·L-1.The rats with hyperglycemia were selected and divided into model, melbine(150 mg·kg-1), and low, middle and high doses (75,150 and 300 mg·kg-1) of PNP groups.After orally administration for 5 and 8 weeks, the FBG levels of rats were recorded.And 8 weeks later, the sugar tolerance, hepatic glycogen levels,serum glutathione(GSH) and nitric oxide(NO) levels of the rats were tested.The rat retinas were removed to analyze the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) by using Q-PCR.The pathological changes of retinas were observed by HE staining method.Results:Compared with model group,the FBG level in middle dose of PNP group was decreased 5 weeks after treatment(P<0.05).Eight weeks later, compared with model group, the levels of FBG, sugar tolerance and hepatic glycogen in different doses of PNP groups were all decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with model group, the level of serum GSH in high dose of PNP group was remarkably increased(P<0.01), and the NO level was significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with model group, the expression levels of VEGF and iNOS in high dose of PNP group were significantly decreased (P<0.05).The results of HE staining showed that the neurodeatrophia of the rats in low and middle doses of PNP groups were improved;and the vascular proliferation and neurodeatrophia of the rats in high dose of PNP group were significantly improved.Conclusion:PNP could decrease the blood sugar, increase the levels of GSH and NO, and up-regulate the gene expression levels of VEGF and iNOS, resulting the treatment of diabetes and its related retinopathy.
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Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) assisted intraocular lens suspension surgery with one loop suturing for residual lens capsule aphakia.Methods Fifty aphakia patients (50 eyes) with residual lens capsular equal or greater than 180 degrees were chosen.The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups and underwent intraocular lens suspension surgery with one loop suturing:Trial group (25 cases,25 eyes) selected suture site according to the preoperative UBM results,and control group (25 cases,25 eyes) selected the suture site according to the clinical experience.The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),astigmatism at preoperative and postoperative 1 week,1 month and 3 months were observed,the eccentric and tilt value of the lens were calculated by UBM measurement at 3 month after operation,and the postoperative complications of the two groups were observed.Results UCVA at each time point after operation were higher than that before operation,and gradually increased with time.There was no significant difference between the two groups at 1 week before and after the operation of UCVA (P ＞ 0.05).At 1 month and 3 months after operation,UCVA in trial group were significantly higher than those of control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The astigmatism value at 1 week after operation in two groups was higher than that before operation and gradually decreased with time.The astigmatism value in trial group at 1 month and 3 months after operation had no significant difference with that of preoperative (P ＞ 0.05),while the astigmatism value in control group increased (all P ＜ 0.05).The astigmatism values had no significant difference between the two groups before and 1 week after operation (all P ＞0.05),which were significantly lower in trial group at 1 month and 3 months after operation (all P ＜ 0.05).Three months after surgery,the proportion of lens accurately implanted in the ciliary sulcus was significantly higher than control group (P ＜ 0.01),the eccentric and tilt values of the lens in trial group were significantly less than control group (P ＜ 0.01).No serious complication was observed in all patients.Conclusion UBM assisted intraocular lens suspension surgery with one loop suturing can significantly improve the postoperative visual quality,safety and lens stability,which can be used as a routine preoperative examination of intraocular lens suspension surgery.In addition,UBM provides an alternative method for the calculation of the eccentricity and tile value of the intraocular lens after the implantation of the intraocular lens.
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Objective:To evaluate the dental biofilm penetration efficiency of a novel stabilized stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifric(EXP) and its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) neutralization efficiency.Methods:A controlled,randomized,examiner-blind in situ clinical trial was conducted with the treatment of PBS(control),EXP and a marketed stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice (MKD).Fluorescent dye,fluorescent probe and fluorescence colocalization were used for sample examination and analysis.Results:EXP offered better stannous penetration into the biofilm than MKD and PBS(P ＜0.05),as well as greater LPS neutralization efficiency(P ＜0.05).There was a 96.52％ overlap of stannous ions and bounded LPS at the same sites treated by EXP.Conclusion:EXP is more effective than MKD in the delivery of stannous into the biofilm and in the neutralization of LPS.
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Background Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) specific caspase-12 dependent pathway plays a key role in cell apoptosis,and apoptosis is an important characteristic of diabetic retinal neuron degeneration.Sericin is a potentially effective therapy for retinal neuron apoptosis.However,whether sericin has neuroprotection effects on caspase-12 pathway-associated retinal cells in diabetic retinopathy (DR) process is not unelucidated.Objective This study was to investigate the effects of sericin on the inhibition of retinal neuron apoptosis-associated with ERS specific caspase-12 dependent pathway in diabetic rat.Methods The diabetic models were established by feeding high lipid foods and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin for 3 consecutive days in 30 SPF SD rats aged 2-3 months.Twenty-four successful model rats were randomized into sericin-treated group and diabetic model group according to computer number allocation,and another 12 matched rats served as normal control group.The normal saline solution and sericin solution dissolved with normal saline solution 2.4 g/(kg · d) was used for 35 days in gavage method in the diabetic model group and sericin-treated group,respectively.The rats were sacrificed and retinal sections were prepared.TUNEL staining was employed to detect retinal neuron apoptosis.The expressions of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78),an ERS marker,and caspase-12 and caspase-3 in retinas in protein and transcription levels were detected by Western blot and reverse transcription PCR,respectively.The use and care of the rats complied with Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission and ARVO Statement.Results Diabetic models were successfully established in 24 of total 30 rats,with the successful rate of 80％.Apoptotic cells were found in the rats of various groups,mostly locating in retinal ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer.The apoptotic index (AI) was 0.028 4±0.002 3,0.215 1 ± 0.020 9 and 0.115 0±0.018 1 in the normal control group,diabetic model group and sericin-treated group,respectively,and the AI was significantly lower in the sericin-treated group than that in the diabetic control group (P＜ 0.05).Compared with the diabetic model group,the relative expression levels of GRP78,caspase-12 and caspase-3 proteins in rat retinas were significantly elevated in the sericin-treated group (0.523±0.029 vs.0.924±0.039,1.118 ± 0.051 vs.1.468±0.037,0.315±0.024 vs.0.554±0.032) (all at P＜0.05),and the relative expression levels of GRP78,caspase-12 and caspase-3 mRNA in rat retinas were significantly reduced in the sericin-treated group (0.816± 0.022 vs.1.218±0.033,0.216±0.023 vs.0.407±0.012,0.322±0.022 vs.0.531 ±0.029) (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions Sericin can inhibit ERS-related retinal neuron apoptosis by down-regulating the expressions of GRP78,caspase-12 and caspase-3 in ERS specific caspase-12 dependent pathway in diabetic rats.
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Objective:To establish the rat diabetic models by introperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to observe the expressions of MMP-2 in retina tissue of the diabetic rats at different periods,and to clarify the effect of MMP-2 in the diabetic retiropathy (DR) of the diabetic rats.Methods:The femal SD rats were divded into normal control group (n=24),4-week model group (n=30),6-week model group (n=30) and 8-week model group (n=30).The rats in model groups were intraperitoneally injected with STZ for consecutive 5 d.The rats in normal control group were injected with sodium citrate solution at the same volume.The body weights and blood glucose levels of the rats in each group were measured at 4,6,and 8 weeks.The retina of each rat was removed;RT-PCR and Western blotting methods were used to detect the expression levels of MMP-2 mRNA and protein,and the immunohistochemistry was conducted to observe the morphology.Results:The body weights and blood glucose levels of the rats in each group had no differences (P＞0.05) before modeling.Three rats died in 4-week model group,5 rats died at 6 weeks and 7 rats died at 8 weeks.The body weights of the rats in model group were significantly lower than those in normal control group at the same time (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the fasting blood glucose levels were signifieantly increased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The expression levels of MMP-2 mRNA and protein in the retina tissue of the rats in model group were significantly higher than those in normal control group (P＜0.05).In normal control group,the retinal structure was clear and the cells were arranged in order,and the ganglion cells were arranged in a single layer;in model group,the retinal tissue structure was loose,the number of ganglion cells were significantly reduced,the inner nuclear layer and rod cell layer cell membrane outside were fuzzy.The MMP-2 positive cells were found to be brown yellow granules,especially in the cytoplasm of ganglion cells and vascular endothelial cells.The positive expression levels of MMP-2 in model group were higher than those in normal control group at 4,6,and 8 weeks.Conclusion:MMP-2 can express in the retina tissue of the diabetic rats.
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Objective:To establish the rat diabetic models by introperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to observe the expressions of MMP-2 in retina tissue of the diabetic rats at different periods,and to clarify the effect of MMP-2 in the diabetic retiropathy (DR) of the diabetic rats.Methods:The femal SD rats were divded into normal control group (n=24),4-week model group (n=30),6-week model group (n=30) and 8-week model group (n=30).The rats in model groups were intraperitoneally injected with STZ for consecutive 5 d.The rats in normal control group were injected with sodium citrate solution at the same volume.The body weights and blood glucose levels of the rats in each group were measured at 4,6,and 8 weeks.The retina of each rat was removed;RT-PCR and Western blotting methods were used to detect the expression levels of MMP-2 mRNA and protein,and the immunohistochemistry was conducted to observe the morphology.Results:The body weights and blood glucose levels of the rats in each group had no differences (P＞0.05) before modeling.Three rats died in 4-week model group,5 rats died at 6 weeks and 7 rats died at 8 weeks.The body weights of the rats in model group were significantly lower than those in normal control group at the same time (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the fasting blood glucose levels were signifieantly increased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The expression levels of MMP-2 mRNA and protein in the retina tissue of the rats in model group were significantly higher than those in normal control group (P＜0.05).In normal control group,the retinal structure was clear and the cells were arranged in order,and the ganglion cells were arranged in a single layer;in model group,the retinal tissue structure was loose,the number of ganglion cells were significantly reduced,the inner nuclear layer and rod cell layer cell membrane outside were fuzzy.The MMP-2 positive cells were found to be brown yellow granules,especially in the cytoplasm of ganglion cells and vascular endothelial cells.The positive expression levels of MMP-2 in model group were higher than those in normal control group at 4,6,and 8 weeks.Conclusion:MMP-2 can express in the retina tissue of the diabetic rats.
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Objective To investigate long-term data of dry eye after LASIK in young myopia patients.Methods Young myopia patients were divided into treated group (group A) and control (group B),who were interviewed before surgery and on 1 year,3 years and 5 years after surgery.Their diopters,uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),tear breakup time test,Schirmer I test and corneal fluorescent staining were taken,then dry eye was diagnosed and OSDI questionnaire were scored.Results The postoperative incidence of dry eye in group A was higher than that before surgery (35.6％) and decreased with time (51.7％,44.9％ and 40.7％,respectively),and there was no significant difference in group B at each time point (P ＞ 0.05).The preoperative incidence of dry eye was equal between two groups (P ＞ 0.05),which were much higher in group A after surgery (all P ＜ 0.05).In group A,the postoperative constituent ratio of mild dry eye was the majority and decreased with time (65.6％,52.8％,41.7％,respectively),while moderate and severe dry eye was increased,especially the latter (6.6％,11.3％ and 16.7％,respectively;P ＜ 0.05).At 5 years after surgery,the UCVA and visual function score in dry eye patients were lower than those of non-dry eye patients (all P ＜ 0.05),while the residual refraction and ocular symptom score were higher than those of dry eye patients (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dry eye disease may last for a long time and may getting worse after LASIK.Therefore,we should pay more attention to the development of dry eye long after LASIK in young myopic patients.
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BACKGROUND: The reason for the short of cornea donator is the olden donating conception or the limit knowledge of cornea transplantation remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To explore the awareness level of the medical staff to corneal transplantation and corneal donation. METHODS: The study consisted of 820 medical staff from different departments of 5 hospitals, including doctor, nurse, technician, and administrator. Awareness level was evaluated with an interviewer-study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 805 interviewer-studies were effect. The correct answer fill rate in department of ophthalmology was higher than other departments. Different measures should be taken to teach the medical staff to improve the awareness level of the transplantation and corneal donation.
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OBJECTIVE: Chengde is a city with many corneal blindness patients In north China. Lacking of corneas donation is the main reason which prevents corneal transplantation. Survey was made by questionnaire in Chengde to evaluate the current situation and the influential factors of corneal donation.METHODS: Survey was made in 3 200 Chengde residents aged 18 years or older, includes outpatients and inpatients of ophthalmology, some undergraduate students and people met accidentally in park, supermarket, station and centre for elders.48.6% are male and 51.4% are female. Self-made questionnaire includes general state, questions about cornea donation and factors influencing cornea donation.RESULTS: Among 3 200 questionnaires, 2 971 were valid. The effective rate was 92.84%. Over 50% people support donating cornea. More than 40% people intend to donate their corneas and support their relatives to donate. Among the factors for not intending to donate cornea, lacking knowledge of cornea donation was the main reason accounting for 42.81%, and worrying about the misusage of donating cornea without corresponding law became the second factor, which accounting for 21.07%. It has no influence on the consciousness of cornea donation by the difference of sex and location between city and countryside.Whereasfession and level of education indeed influence the consciousness of cornea donation, which of the people from 18 to 40 years old was greater than those of over 40, medical workers was greater than those from other fields, the people graduating from secondary specialized school or higher was greater than those graduating under secondary specialized school.CONCLUSION: People in Chengde have a positive attitude towards cornea donation. It is very necessary to enhance the education of cornea donation, establish an easy and smooth way for donation may promote cornea donating. Consummate legislation is also needed for cornea donation.
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Objective To study the periodontal status and risk factors for periodontitis in periodontitis patients at different ages in wuhan. Methods From January 2007 to March 2008, the cross-sectional survey on periodontal conditions of 493 physical examinees in Wuhan city was carried out with random cluster sampling method. 458 cases of them were in accordance with the inclusive criteria and were stratified into two groups: young and middle-aged adults (aged 30-59 years) and old adults (aged 60 years and over). A case-control study was carried out in the periodontitis cases group (n=280) and the control group (n=178). Database was created by SQSERVER2000 and SPSS11.0 was used for statistical analysis. The relationship of periodontitis with age, gender, nation, educational background, diabetes mellitus, smoking, drinking, mental pressure and oral hygiene habits were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of periodontitis was 61.1% (280/458). Univariate analysis revealed that age, educational background, diabetes mellitus, smoking and oral hygiene habits were related factors for periodontitis (OR:0.44, 2.27, 3.44, 1.75, 9.82, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Meanwhile, multivariate analysis showed that suffering from diabetes mellitu and low educational background were the independent risk factors for periodontitis (OR=2.66, 1.95, all P<0.05). After stratification by age, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was no correlation between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis prevalence in young and middle-aged adults and diabetes mellitus was a risk factor for periodontitis in old adults(OR=6.91, 95%CI: 1.27～37.42). Conclusions There are many risk factors for periodontitis and diabetes plays a major role in the development of periodontitis in old adults.
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To evaluate the sealing potential of self-designed root canal filling material made of calcium phosphate cement (alpha-TCP/TTCP, CPC), the apices of root canals of six adult dogs were purposely perforated and enlarged up to the No 40 instrument. Then CPC was used to fill the root canal. Mean while either calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) paste or hydroxyapatite (HA) paste was used as control. The animals were killed at 4, 12, 20 weeks postoperatively. The different materials about ways of apical closure, restoration periapocal tissues and adaptability to the dentinal surface were observed by histomorphology and scanning electron microscopic. This study revealed that CPC had excellent biocompatibility and adaptability to the dentinal wall. Its osteoconduction can promote the formation of calcific barriers and healing of periapical tissue. The apex can be closed completely. Compared with the control pastes it has advantages of ease of manipulation and better sealing capability. The results showed that CPC could be used as a root canal filling material for pupless teeth with open apex and destructive periapical tissue.